Active participation is a cornerstone of Italian national security

NATO membership and the bilateral relations with the US are crucial elements in shaping Italian policy concerning tactical nuclear weapons. The Atlantic Alliance is deemed a cornerstone of national security and nuclear sharing is considered an important component of Italy’s participation in it. The US is recognized as a key ally and hosting American tactical nuclear weapons is part of such bilateral relations. There is a broad political consensus on such an overall approach, as proved by the strong continuity of Italy’s nuclear policy despite frequent changes in Italian governments. Rome has ensured Dual Capable Aircraft (DCA) to its military firs with Tornado and now with F-35. While several European countries are buying F-35s, Italy is the only one – beside of course UK, which has its own nuclear deterrent – procuring certified dual capable F-35s to maintain its nuclear sharing role. Moreover, during the post-Cold War period, the US military presence in Italy has increased. American bases, including those hosting tactical nuclear weapons, have been modernized, upgraded, and in some cases enlarged. Such overall continuity on military nuclear policy takes place without much political debate upon it, and governments are keen to stay the course without engaging public opinion.